Footnotes
- Catherine Soanes and Angus Stevenson, eds., Concise Oxford English Dictionary (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004).
- Richard Dawkins, speech at the Edinburgh International Science Festival, April 15, 1992, published as an editorial, “A Scientist’s Case against God,” Independent (London), April 20, 1992, 17.
- Bates, Matthew W.. Salvation by Allegiance Alone: Rethinking Faith, Works, and the Gospel of Jesus the King (pp. 212-213). Baker Publishing Group.
- William Arndt, Frederick W. Danker, et al., A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000), 818.
- “Pistis in the New Testament era is not a mere “function of the heart or mind.” Writers in this time period do not describe faith as an emotion-laden feeling, attitude, or a psychological stance. Instead they “focus constantly on its relationality.” Moreover, the ancients and the biblical authors, when grouping together or classifying emotions and affections, do not include pistis in such lists. They simply did not primarily regard pistis as inward-facing personal trust or confidence. And yet emotions or affections often attend pistis, so it is impossible to entirely disentangle inward attitude and external behavior. It is safest to say that pistis is related to inward feelings and emotions, but is not itself one.” Bates, Matthew W.. Gospel Allegiance (p. 154). Baker Publishing Group.
- Morgan, Teresa. Roman Faith and Christian Faith: Pistis and Fides in the Early Roman Empire and Early Churches, Oxford University Press; 1st edition (May 2, 2017), 86-95.
- Morgan, Roman Faith and Christian Faith, 77-85.
- Bates, Matthew W.. Gospel Allegiance (p. 68). Baker Publishing Group.
- Dennis R. Lindsay, Josephus and Faith: Pistis and Pisteuein as Faith Terminology in the Writings of Flavius Josephus and in the New Testament (Leiden: Brill, 1993), esp. 78–80.
- As compiled in “Salvation by Allegiance Alone” by Matthew W. Bates, p. 80
- “and those that are of a fit age, I have admitted into the number of my soldiers; and for such as are capable of being allegiant [pistis] to me, and proper for my court, I have put them in such a post, as thinking this [kindness done to them] to be a very great and an acceptable gift, which I devote to God for his providence over me.” Flavius Josephus and William Whiston, The Works of Josephus: Complete and Unabridged (Peabody: Hendrickson, 1987), 311.
- “Moreover, this Antiochus bare testimony to our piety and allegiance [pistis], in an epistle of his, written when he was informed of a sedition in Phrygia and Lydia at which time he was in the superior provinces, wherein he commanded Zeuxis, the general of his forces, and his most intimate friend, to send some of our nation out of Babylon into Phrygia.” Flavius Josephus and William Whiston, The Works of Josephus: Complete and Unabridged (Peabody: Hendrickson, 1987), 317.
- “and when they had received oaths from both of them, that neither they themselves nor those of the same sentiments should come to any harm, they intrusted themselves with them; but Bacchides troubled not himself about the oaths he had taken, but slew threescore of them, although, by not keeping his allegiance [pistis] with those that first went over, he deterred all the rest, who had intentions to go over to him, from doing it;” Flavius Josephus and William Whiston, The Works of Josephus: Complete and Unabridged (Peabody: Hendrickson, 1987), 332.
- “whence it came to pass that the nation paid Antipater the respects that were due only to a king, and the honors they all yielded him were equal to the honors due to an absolute lord; yet did he not abate any part of that good will or allegiance [pistis] which he owed to Hyrcanus.” Flavius Josephus and William Whiston, The Works of Josephus: Complete and Unabridged (Peabody: Hendrickson, 1987), 559.
- “where he called the multitude together, and highly commended them for their allegiance [pistis] to the Romans, and earnestly exhorted them to keep the peace; and having performed such parts of divine worship at the temple as he was allowed to do, he returned to Cestius.” Flavius Josephus and William Whiston, The Works of Josephus: Complete and Unabridged (Peabody: Hendrickson, 1987), 620.
- Bates, Matthew W.. Salvation by Allegiance Alone: Rethinking Faith, Works, and the Gospel of Jesus the King (p. 83). Baker Publishing Group.
- Wright, The Paul Debate: Critical Questions For Understanding The Apostle, SPCK (January 21, 2016), p. 14.
- Gorman, Michael, Becoming the Gospel: Paul, Participation, and Mission (Eerdmans, 2015) p. 93
- Barclay, John, Paul and the Gift (Eerdmans, 2017) p. 397, 398
- Paul and Silas provoked their arrest after casting out a spirit from a slave girl, causing her owners to lose money. But as Marshall notes, “It is significant that when the accusers make their charge, the economic considerations retreat into the background and other pretexts are found.” I. Howard Marshall, Acts: An Introduction and Commentary, vol. 5, Tyndale New Testament Commentaries (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1980), 286.
- (Acts 17:6-7) David J. Williams rightly makes this connection in his commentary, Acts, Understanding the Bible Commentary Series (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 2011), 287.
- Bates, Matthew W.. Salvation by Allegiance Alone: Rethinking Faith, Works, and the Gospel of Jesus the King (p. 121). Baker Publishing Group.
- “Paul uses an odd phrase to describe the revelation of the righteousness of God. It is so strange, in fact, that some translations simply make it a rhetorical flourish, saying that our becoming right with God is all about faith “from first to last” (NIV), or “from start to finish” (NLT). But this is inaccurate. Paul’s language is cumbersome because it is part of his thesis statement in Romans, and hence hypercompressed. A better translation is, ‘In it the righteousness of God is revealed by fidelity, for fidelity.’ Or, since a king is in view, ‘by allegiance, for allegiance.'” Bates, Matthew W.. Gospel Allegiance (p. 78). Baker Publishing Group.
- For these glosses and the lexical data, see Ludwig Koehler and Walter Baumgartner, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, trans. M. E. J. Richardson, 2 vols. (Leiden: Brill, 2001), 1:62.
- Bates, Matthew W.. Gospel Allegiance (p. 82). Baker Publishing Group.
- Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. (Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, Inc., 2003).